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Risk Factors

Currently 2% of the UK diabetic population is thought to be registered blind, which means that a person with diabetes has a 10 - 20 fold increased risk of blindness.

Risk Factors for developing / worsening of diabetic retinopathy:

  • Duration of diabetes
  • Type of diabetes (proliferative disease in type 1 and maculopathy in type 2)
  • Poor diabetic / glycaemic control
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetic nephropathy
  • Pregnancy
  • Alcohol (variable results which may be related to the type of alcohol involved eg worse in Scotland than Italy)
  • Smoking (variable results but appears worse in young people with exudates and older women with proliferative disease)
  • Ethnic origin
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